Anatomy and Physiology for psc preperation for paramedics

 Summary in One line:

1. Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and the physical relation involved between the parts.
2. Physiology is the study of how the part of the body works and the ways in which they cooperate.
3. Cell मानव शरीरको Structural and functional unit हो ।
4. Cell is discovered by Robert hook in 1665.
5. Protein Factory of the cell - Ribosome.
6. Transport system of the cell or Endoskeleton of living cells - Endoplasmic reticulum.
7. Suicidal bag of the cell - Lysosome.
8. The largest cell in the human body Is - Ovum.
9.  The longest cell in the human body - Neurone.
10. Powerhouse of the cell - Mitochondria.
11. Chromosome are found inside the nucleus.
12. The largest organelle in the cell is - Nucleus.
13. The cell not containing nucleus is RBC.
14. कोष विभाजन मुख्यतया mitosis र meiosis गरेर दुई प्रकारको हुन्छ ।
15. कोपहरुको समुह जसले कुनै निश्चित कार्य गर्दछ, त्यसलाई तन्तु भनिन्छ र तन्तु ४ प्रकारका हुन्छन् ।
16. मानव शरीरमा जम्मा हुने क्रोमोजोमहरुको जम्मा संख्या २३ जोड़ा
17. The chromosome that determine the sex of the fetus is specially: Y of sperm.
18. Most abundant tissue in the body is - Connective tissue
19. Epithelial tissue is majorly of two types; simple and compound.
20. The cancer of the epithelium tissue is - Carcinoma
21. The cancer of the connective tissue - Sarcoma
22. Transitional Epithelium is found specially in: Urinary Bladder.
23. Keratinized epithelium is found in dry surface such as skin, nail, hair etc.
24. Non- keratinized epithellum is found in wet surface such as mouth, esophagus, vagina etc.
25. Muscular tissue is majorly of -three types; Striated, Unstraited and Cardiac.
26. Nervous tissue consists two types of cells - Neuron and Neuroglia
27. Blood Brain Barrier is formed by Astrocytes.
28. The most abundant ion in the extracellular fluid: Sodium (Na).
29. The most abundant lon In Intracellular fluid: Potassium (K).
30. Alimentary canal को लम्बाई ८ देखि १० मिटरको हुन्छ ।
31. The functions of digestive system is Ingestion, Propulsion, Digestion, Absorption & elemination.
32. The wall of alimentary tract has - 4 layers.
33. Esophagus मा digestion को कार्य हुदैन ।
34. Salivary glands, pancreas र liver and biliary tract हरु Digestive system का accossory glands हुन।
35. Submandibiular gland contributes the maximum amount of secretion among salivary fluid.
36. Parotid gland is the largest salivary gland.
37. Saliva contains an enzyme called Plylin, which starts the digestion of carbohydrate.
38. Carbohydrate digestion starts from mouth.
39. Protein digestion, starts from Stomach.
40. खानाको पुर्णरुपमा digestion, Small intestine मा हुन्छ।
41. Rennin को उत्पादन stomach ले गर्छ भने Renin को उत्पादन Kidney से गर्छ।
42. Stomach is 'J' shaped and Duodenum is 'C' shaped,
43. Bile is secreted by liver and bile is stored in Gall bladder.
44. Largest gland of the body is: Liver; whereas largest organ of the body - Skin;
45. Largest endocrine gland - Thyroid Gland
46. Ist Temporary teeth to erupt: Lower central incisor
47. Ist permanent teeth to appear -Ist Molar
48. The total number of temporary teeth - 20
49. The total number of permanent tooth-32
50. The last teeth to appear r = 3rc Molar, also called wisdom teeth. 
51.  Types of teeth-4; Incisor, Canine, Pre-molar and Molar
52. The teeth absent in milk or temporary teeth - Pre-molar
53. Payer's pathces are found in - lleum 
54. The longest part of the small intestine is -lloum
55. The shortest part of the small intestine - Duodenum
56. The length of large intestine is = 1.5m
57. Nose is divided into two parts by- Nasal Septum.
58.  The most common site of epistaxis is-Little's area
59. Thyroid cartilage is the largest laryngeal cartilage. 
60.  Larynx consists of 9 cartilages; 3 paired and 3 unpaired.
61. Right branchus is shorter and wider than left bronchus.
62. The foreign body if entered into the respiratory tract has greater chance to enter into right lung due to wider and shorter bronchus at right side.
63. Right lung contains 3 lobes and left lung contains 2 lobes.
64. Tidal volume 500 ml.
65. The largest sinus is maxillary sinus.
66. The chief respiratary muscle is diaphragm.
67. Respiratory center is present in medulla oblangata.
68. Pneumotaxic center is found in pons varoli.
69. Oxygen is majorly transported in the form of - Oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂) .
70. Carbon dioxide is majorly transported in the form of: Bicarbonate ion.
71. Blood consists of 7-8 % of the body weight. 
72.  The life span of RBC is 120 days.
73. Universal donor blood group is O-ve.
74. Universal receiver blood group - AB +ve.
75. Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
76. Blood consists of plasma (55%) and blood cells (45%).
77. Smallest WBC is Lymphocyte and the largest WBC-Monocyte.
78.  Most numerous WBC is - Neutrophils.
79. Granulocytes consists of - Neutrophils, Eosinophils and basophils.
80.  Agranulocytes consists of - Lymphocytes and Monocytes.
81.  Rt atrium and Rt ventricle valve - Tricuspid
82. Lt atrium and Lt ventricle को बिचमा हुने valve - Bicuspid or Mitral.
83.  Lub sound of the heart is produced by the closure of - Atrioventricular valve(Tricuspid and Bicuspid valve)
84. Dub sound is produced by the closure of the pulmonary and aortic valve.
85. Most common type or cause of hypertension - Essential Hypertension. 
86. Most of the waste of the body is excreted by - Kidney .
87. The major organs involved in the excretion of waste are - Kidney, Skin and Lungs.
88. Urine formation consists of = 3 steps; simple filtration, selective absorption and secretion.
89.  The length of the Ureter is 25 cm long.
90. The capacity of the urinary bladder is - 500 ml .
91.  The urinary bladder consists of - 3 openings.
92.  Length of female urethra - 4 cm and Male urethra - 18 cm. 
93. Structural and Functional Unit of Kidney - Nephron
94. Glomerlar filtrate rate is 125ml/min or 180 liter /day.
95. Bone consist of 20% of water.
96. Axial skeleton is 80 in number and appendicular skeleton is 126 in number. 
97. The strongest, longest and largest Bone Femur.
98.  The thinnest long bone - Fibula.
99.  A single hand consists of 30 bones.
100.  Thoracic cage consists of 37 bones.
101. मानव शरीरको सबैभन्दा सानो हाड Stapes.
102.  Tibia also called - Shin Bone and Clavicle also called as Collar bone. .
103. The largest joint in our body - Knee Joint.
104. Cranial nerves - 12 pairs and Spinal Nerves- 31 pairs.
105.  मस्तिस्कको सबैभन्दा ठूलो भाग Cerebrum . 
106. The length of the Spinal cord is 45 cm.
107.  स्नायुको Unitary cell लाई Neurone भनिन्छ ।
108.  Pituitary gland लाई Master gland पनि भनिन्छ ।
109. Largest endocrine gland - Thyroid gland.
110. Ovulation occurs from - Ovary.
111. Ovulation is caused by the release of - Luitenising Hormone. 
112. Luitenising Hormone is secreted by - Anterior Pituitary Gland.
113. Luitenising Hormone Releasing Hormone is secreted by - Hypothalamus
114. Oxytocin - Out milk.
115. Prolactin Production milk.
116. Androgen is secreted by Adrenal Cortex. 
117. Thyroxin is secreted by Thyroid gland.
118. Thymosin is secreted by Thymus gland.
119.  Enzyme and Hormones are made up of - Protein.
120.  आखाको lens को shape Biconvex .
121. Myopia is corrected by the use of concave lens.
122.  Hypermetropia is corrected by the use of convex lens.
123.  Most common cause of blindness in Nepal - Cataract.
124. Ear is divided into three parts; external, middle and internal.
125. Middle ear consist of three bones on each ear - Malleus, Incus and Stapes.
126.  Eustachian tube को लम्बाई करिब ४cm हुन्छ ।
127. नाकबाट हुने रक्तस्रावलाई epistaxis भनिन्छ ।
128.  छालामा २ वटा तहहरु हुन्छन् - Epidermis and dermis
129. Fertilisation occurs in - Fallopian tube (ampulla) (zygote बन्ने ठाउँ )
130. Implantation occurs in - Uterus) (zygote को बिकाश हुने ठाउँ )
131. Length of fallopian tube - 10 cm.
132. The widest part of the fallopian tube is - Ampulla . 
133. A testis contains-200 to 300 lobules.
134.  Sperm is produced by -seminiferous tubules of testis. 
135.  Normal sperm count-60-120 million/ ml . 
136. Sperm count less than 20 million/ml-Oligospermia.
137. Length of Vas deferens-45 cm                                                                                                                                                                                                                              thank you for reading                                                                                                       please subscribe my youtube channel : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEDzu8L4kMOnS9ISAwz6X6w