MCQ about spinal anesthesia with explanations

 

1. What is spinal anesthesia? a) Local anesthesia applied to the skin b) Anesthesia administered through the intravenous route c) Anesthesia injected into the epidural space d) Anesthesia injected into the subarachnoid space Explanation: The correct answer is d) Anesthesia injected into the subarachnoid space. Spinal anesthesia involves injecting an anesthetic agent, such as a local anesthetic or opioid, into the subarachnoid space, which surrounds the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid
2. Which part of the spinal cord is targeted during spinal anesthesia? a) Epidural space b) Subarachnoid space c) Dura mater d) Vertebral body Explanation: The correct answer is b) Subarachnoid space. In spinal anesthesia, the anesthetic agent is injected into the subarachnoid space, where it spreads to provide anesthesia to nerves and nerve roots.
3. What is the most common indication for spinal anesthesia? a) Postoperative pain control b) Labor analgesia c) Dental procedures d) Fracture reduction Explanation: The correct answer is b) Labor analgesia. Spinal anesthesia is commonly used for pain relief during childbirth, providing rapid and effective analgesia.
4. Which of the following is a potential complication of spinal anesthesia? a) Hypotension b) Respiratory depression c) Bradycardia d) All of the above Explanation: The correct answer is d) All of the above. Spinal anesthesia can lead to complications such as hypotension, respiratory depression, and bradycardia, especially when a high block occurs.
5. What position should a patient be in during spinal anesthesia administration? a) Supine with legs elevated b) Sitting or lateral recumbent c) Prone with abdomen elevated d) Trendelenburg position Explanation: The correct answer is b) Sitting or lateral recumbent. Patients are typically placed in a sitting or lateral recumbent position to facilitate proper needle insertion and drug distribution during spinal anesthesia.
6. Which medication is commonly used in spinal anesthesia to prolong the duration of anesthesia? a) Lidocaine b) Bupivacaine c) Propofol d) Midazolam Explanation: The correct answer is b) Bupivacaine. Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic frequently used in spinal anesthesia to provide prolonged pain relief.
7. Spinal anesthesia is generally considered safe, but in which population should it be used with caution? a) Elderly patients b) Pediatric patients c) Patients with a history of substance abuse d) Patients with a known allergy to penicillin Explanation: The correct answer is a) Elderly patients. Elderly patients may be more susceptible to the side effects of spinal anesthesia, particularly cardiovascular complications.
8. What is a potential complication of a high spinal block? a) Hypertension b) Hypoglycemia c) Total spinal anesthesia d) Tachycardia Explanation: The correct answer is c) Total spinal anesthesia. A high spinal block occurs when the anesthetic spreads too far up the spinal cord, leading to total spinal anesthesia and possible respiratory compromise.
9. How does spinal anesthesia differ from epidural anesthesia? a) Epidural anesthesia involves injecting the anesthetic into the epidural space. b) Spinal anesthesia provides more prolonged pain relief than epidural anesthesia. c) Epidural anesthesia requires the patient to be in a sitting position during administration. d) Spinal anesthesia affects a larger area of the body compared to epidural anesthesia. Explanation: The correct answer is a) Epidural anesthesia involves injecting the anesthetic into the epidural space. Spinal anesthesia is injected into the subarachnoid space, while epidural anesthesia involves injecting the anesthetic into the epidural space.
10. Which of the following is an advantage of spinal anesthesia over general anesthesia? a) Airway patency b) Reduced risk of infection c) Lower cost d) Less postoperative pain Explanation: The correct answer is a) airway patency
11. What is a common side effect of spinal anesthesia? a) Nausea and vomiting b) Elevated heart rate c) Allergic reaction d) Blurred vision Explanation: The correct answer is a) Nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of spinal anesthesia due to changes in blood pressure and body position during the procedure.
12. Which of the following techniques can be used to manage hypotension during spinal anesthesia? a) Administering a vasopressor b) Fast IV fluids c) Patient positioning d) All of the above Explanation: The correct answer is d) All of the above. Hypotension during spinal anesthesia can be managed by administering a vasopressor, fast IV fluids, and placing the patient appropriate position if necessary.
13. How long does the effect of spinal anesthesia typically last? a) 30 minutes to 1 hour b) 2 to 4 hours c) 6 to 8 hours d) 12 to 24 hours Explanation: The correct answer is b) 2 to 4 hours. The duration of spinal anesthesia varies depending on the type and dose of the anesthetic used, but it generally lasts for 2 to 4 hours.
14. What is the primary risk of post-dural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia? a) Infection at the injection site b) Cerebrospinal fluid leak c) Nerve damage d) Anaphylactic reaction Explanation: The correct answer is b) Cerebrospinal fluid leak. Post-dural puncture headache is a common complication of spinal anesthesia, caused by a leak of cerebrospinal fluid through the puncture site in the dura mater.
15. When should a patient be placed in the supine position after spinal anesthesia? a) Immediately after injection b) After they can fully move their legs c) Once they can wiggle their toes d) 4 to 6 hours post-procedure Explanation: The correct answer is a) Immediately after injection Patients should be placed in the supine position Immediately after injection to prevent and control Block effect.
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17. Spinal anesthesia is primarily administered in which anatomical space? 

a) Subarachnoid space 

b) Epidural space 

c) Dural space 

d) Intrathecal space

Explanation: The correct answer is a) Subarachnoid space. Spinal anesthesia is the injection of local anesthetics into the subarachnoid space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and surrounds the spinal cord.

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17.What is the most rare complication of spinal anesthesia? a) Hypertension b) Respiratory depression c) Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) d) Nausea and vomiting

Explanation: The correct answer is c) Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). PDPH is the most rare complication of spinal anesthesia. It occurs when there is a leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the puncture site in the dura, leading to positional headaches.

18. How is the level of motor block determined after administering spinal anesthesia?

4. a) By assessing the patient's heart rate b) By observing the patient's respiratory rate c) By assessing the patient's ability to move their legs d) By using temperature sensation tests

Explanation: The correct answer is c) By assessing the patient's ability to move their legs. After administering spinal anesthesia, the level of motor block is determined by assessing the patient's ability to move their legs and sensory block is determined by conducting pinprick tests to identify the highest dermatomal level of anesthesia, by using temprature senation is the second option after pin prick for sensory examination.

. 19.What is the most common complication of spinal anesthesia?

a) Meningitis b) Hypotension c) Neurological deficit d) Spinal headache

Explanation: b) Hypotension. Spinal anesthesia can cause hypotension due to sympathetic blockade, leading to reduced peripheral resistance and cardiac output. Proper monitoring and management are essential to prevent severe complications.

20.Which type of needle is commonly used for administering spinal anesthesia?

a) Intravenous catheter b) Quincke needle c) Butterfly needle d) Hypodermic needle

Explanation: b) Quincke needle. Quincke needles are commonly used for spinal anesthesia due to their design, which allows for the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid and reduces the risk of post-dural puncture headache.

5. 21.What is the primary indication for spinal anesthesia?

   a) Upper limb surgeries b) Lower limb surgeries c) Neurosurgery d) Thoracic surgeries

   Explanation: b) Lower limb surgeries. Spinal anesthesia is commonly indicated for surgeries involving the lower extremities, pelvis, and perineum.

6. 22.Which of the following positions is recommended during the administration of spinal anesthesia?

   a) Supine position b) Sitting position c) Prone position d) Trendelenburg position

   Explanation: b) Sitting position. The sitting or lateral decubitus position is preferred during the administration of spinal anesthesia to maximize the space between the spinal processes and minimize the risk of nerve damage.

7. 23.Which of the following is a contraindication for spinal anesthesia?

   a) Obesity b) Hypertension c) Patient refusal d) Asthma

   Explanation: c) Patient refusal. Patient refusal or lack of consent is an absolute contraindication for spinal anesthesia.

8. 24.What is the mechanism of action of local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia?

   a) Inhibition of acetylcholine release b) Blockade of nerve impulse conduction c) Central nervous system depression d) Vasodilation

   Explanation: b) Blockade of nerve impulse conduction. Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels, preventing nerve impulses from propagating, and inducing reversible nerve blockade.

9. 25.How does spinal anesthesia differ from epidural anesthesia?

   a) Spinal anesthesia requires a larger volume of local anesthetic. b) Epidural anesthesia involves injecting the anesthetic into the subarachnoid space. c) Spinal anesthesia is associated with a faster onset of action. d) Epidural anesthesia provides a higher level of anesthesia.

   Explanation: c) Spinal anesthesia is associated with a faster onset of action. Due to the direct injection into the subarachnoid space, spinal anesthesia typically has a quicker onset compared to epidural anesthesia.

10. 26.What is the most common complication of spinal anesthesia?

    a) Meningitis b) Hypotension c) Neurological deficit d) Spinal headache

    Explanation: b) Hypotension. Spinal anesthesia can cause hypotension due to sympathetic blockade, leading to reduced peripheral resistance and cardiac output. Proper monitoring and management are essential to prevent severe complications.

11. ** Sorry for the mistake !! Thank you for your valuable feedback Rajesh Sir Qn.18 is edited after feedback of Rajesh Shakya sir , sorry for the mistake

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